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A hospital’s diagnosis: Professional AI workloads require professional hardware

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A hospital’s diagnosis: Professional AI workloads require professional hardware

A Taiwanese hospital’s initial use of AI to interpret medical images with consumer graphics cards fell short. The prescription? Supermicro workstations powered by AMD components. 

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A Taiwanese hospital has learned that professional AI workloads are too much to handle for consumer-level hardware—and that pro-level workloads require pro-level systems.

When Shuang-Ho Hospital first used AI to interpret medical images, it relied on consumer graphics cards installed on desktop PCs. But staff found that for diagnostics imaging, the graphics cards performed poorly. Plus, the memory capacity of the PCs was insufficient. The result: image resolution too low to be useful.

The hospital, affiliated with Taipei Medical University, offers a wide range of services, including reproductive medicine, a sleep center, and treatment for cancer, dementia and strokes. It opened in 2008 and is located in New Taipei City.

In its quest to use AI for healthcare, Shuang-Ho Hospital is far from alone. Last year, global sales of healthcare AI totaled $15.4 billion, estimates Grand View Research. Looking ahead, the market watcher expects healthcare AI sales through 2030 to enjoy a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 38%.

A subset of that market, AI for diagnostic imaging, is a big and fast-growing field. The U.S. government has approved nearly 400 AI algorithms for radiology, according to the American Hospital Association. And the need is great. The World Economic Forum estimates that of all the data produced by hospitals each year—roughly 50 petabytes—97% goes unused.

‘Just right’

Shuang-Ho Hospital knew it needed an AI system that was more robust. But initially it wasn’t sure where to turn. A Supermicro demo changed all that. “The workstation presented by Supermicro was just right for our needs,” says Dr. Yen-Ting Chen, an attending physician in the hospital’s medical imaging department.

Supermicro’s solution for the hospital was its AS-5014-TT SuperWorkstation, powered by AMD’s Ryzen Threadripper Pro 3995WX processor and equipped with a pair of AMD Radeon Pro W6800 professional graphics cards. This tower workstation is optimized for applications that include AI and deep learning.

For the hospital, one especially appealing feature is the Supermicro workstation’s use of a multicore processor that can be paired with multiple GPU cards. The AMD Threadripper Pro has 64 cores, and each of the hospital’s Supermicro workstations was configured with two GPUs.

Another attractive feature had nothing to do with tech specs. “The price was very reasonable,” says Dr. Yen-Ting Chen. “It naturally became our best choice.”

Smart tech, healthier brains

Now that Shuang-Ho Hospital has the AMD-powered Supermicro workstations installed, the advantages of a professional system over consumer products has become even clearer. For one, AI training is much better than it was with the consumer cards.

Even more important, the images from brain tomography, which with the consumer cards had to be degraded, can now be used at full resolution. (Tomography is an approach to imaging that combines scans taken from different angles to create cross-sectional “slices.”)

For now, the hospital is using the Supermicro workstations to help interpret scans for cerebral thrombosis, a serious health condition involving a blood clot in a vein of the brain. Learnings from this first AI workload are being shared with other departments.

Long-term, the hospital plans to use AI wherever the technology can help. And this time, with strictly professional hardware.

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Do you know why 64 cores really matters?

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Do you know why 64 cores really matters?

In a recent test, Supermicro workstations and servers powered by 3rd gen AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO processors ran engineering simulations nearly as fast as a dual-processor system, but needed only two-thirds as much power.

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More cores per CPU sounds good, but what does it actually mean for your customers?

In the case of certain Supermicro workstations and servers powered by 3rd gen AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO processors, it means running engineering simulations with dual-processor performance from a single-socket system. And with further cost savings due to two-thirds lower power consumption.

That’s according to tests recently conducted by MVConcept, a consulting firm that provides hardware and software optimizations. The firm tested two Supermicro systems, the AS-5014A-TT SuperWorkstation and AS-2114GT-DPNR server.

A solution brief based on MVConcept’s testing is now available from Supermicro.

Test setup

For these tests, the Supermicro server and workstation were both tested in two AMD configurations:

  • One with the AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 5995WX processor
  • The other with an older, 2nd gen AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO 3995WX processor

In the tests, both AMD processors were used to run 32-core as well as 64-core operations.

The Supermicro systems were tested running Ansys Fluent, fluid simulation software from Ansys Inc. Fluent models fluid flow, heat, mass transfer and chemical reactions. Benchmarks for the testing included aircraft wing, oil rig and pump.

The results

Among the results: The Supermicro systems delivered nearly dual-CPU performance with a single processor, while also consuming less electricity.

What’s more, the 3rd generation AMD 5995WX CPU delivered significantly better performance than the 2nd generation AMD 3995WX.

Systems with larger cache saw performance improved the most. So a system with L3 cache of 256MB outperformed one with just 128MB.

BIOS settings proved to be especially important for realizing the optimal performance from the AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO when running the tested applications. Specifically, Supermicro recommends using NPS=4 and SMT=OFF when running Ansys Fluent with AMD Ryzen Threadripper PRO. (NPS = non-uniform memory access (NUMA) per socket; and SMT = symmetric multithreading.)

Another cool factor involves taking advantage of the Supermicro AS-2114GT-DPNR server’s two hot-pluggable nodes. First, one node can be used to pre-process the data. Then the other node can be used to run Ansys Fluid.

Put it all together, and you get a powerful takeaway for your customers: These AMD-powered Supermicro systems offer data-center power on both the desktop and server rack, making them ideal for SMBs and enterprises alike.

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Research roundup: PICaaS rising, IT spending stays strong, new data-center components emerge

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Research roundup: PICaaS rising, IT spending stays strong, new data-center components emerge

Do you know how the latest IT market research could help you and your business?

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It’s time to consider performance intensive computing as a service. Get ready for a modest spending surge. And be on the lookout for new data-center components.

Those are takeaways from the latest in IT market research and analysis. And here’s your tech partner’s roundup.

Performance intensive computing: now as a service

If you don’t offer cloud-based performance intensive computing as a service, you might want to consider doing so. The market, already big, is growing fast.

Sales of performance intensive computing as a service (PICaaS) will rise from $22.3 billion worldwide in 2021 to $103 billion by 2027, predicts market watcher IDC. That’s a compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of nearly 28%.

With PICaaS, customers use public cloud services to run the mathematically intensive computations needed for AI, HPC, big data analytics, and engineering and technical applications.

Driving the market are two factors, IDC says. One, performance intensive computing is going mainstream and is increasingly mission critical. And two, a growing number of businesses define themselves as digital.

What can you do to get ready for this market? Among other tactics, IDC recommends that suppliers formulate an end-to-end bundled PICaaS offering, demonstrate a secure cloud infrastructure, and become trusted advisors of hybrid development models.

Strong IT spending — this year and next

What kind of year will 2023 shape up to be? If your customers are like most, pretty good. Overall IT spending will rise this year by 5.5%, reaching a grand total of $4.6 trillion, predicts analyst firm Gartner, and some segments will rise by much more.

But what about sales dips, tech layoffs and other financial issues? “Macroeconomic headwinds are not slowing digital transformation,” insists Gartner analyst John-David Lovelock. “IT spending will remain strong.”

On the hardware front, Gartner expects data center systems sales worldwide this year to rise by less than 4%. Next year looks better with a projected rise of about 6%.

IT services are in demand. Sales will rise by just over 9% this year, Gartner forecasts, and by about 10% next year.

Devices such as PCs and smartphones are a weak point, with sales projected to drop by nearly 5% this year after tumbling nearly 11% last year. Next year, sales should pick up, Gartner expects, rising an impressive 11%.

New components coming to customer data centers

Have you and your data-center customers spoken yet about three components—SmartNICs, data processing units (DPUs) and infrastructure processing units (IPUs)?

If not, you probably will soon, according to ABI Research. Demand for these components is being driven by two factors: specialized workloads such as AI, IoT and 5G; and the rise of cloud hyperscalers such as AWS, Azure and Google Cloud.

“Organizations are exploring the feasibility of running specific applications that require high processing power on public-cloud data centers to ensure business continuity,” says ABI analyst Yih-Khai Wong.

Big opportunities include networks, cloud platforms and security. For example, AMD’s Xilinx Alveo line of adaptable accelerator cards includes the industry’s first software-defined, hardware-accelerated SmartNIC.

To be sure, the shift is still in its early stages. But Wong says servers equipped by default with SmartNICs, DPUs or IPUs are coming “sooner rather than later.”

 

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What is the AMD Instinct MI300A APU?

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What is the AMD Instinct MI300A APU?

Accelerate HPC and AI workloads with the combined power of CPU and GPU compute. 

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The AMD Instinct MI300A APU, set to ship in this year’s second half, combines the compute power of a CPU with the capabilities of a GPU. Your data-center customers should be interested if they run high-performance computing (HPC) or AI workloads.

More specifically, the AMD Instinct MI300A is an integrated data-center accelerator that combines AMD Zen 4 cores, AMD CDNA3 GPUs and high-bandwidth memory (HBM) chiplets. In all, it has more than 146 billion transistors.

This AMD component uses 3D die stacking to enable extremely high bandwidth among its parts. In fact, nine 5nm chiplets that are 3D-stacked on top of four 6nm chiplets with significant HBM surrounding it.

And it’s coming soon. The AMD Instinct MI300A is currently in AMD’s labs. It will soon be sampled with customers. And AMD says it’s scheduled for shipments in the second half of this year. 

‘Most complex chip’

The AMD Instinct MI300A was publicly displayed for the first time earlier this year, when AMD CEO Lisa Su held up a sample of the component during her CES 2023 keynote. “This is actually the most complex chip we’ve ever built,” Su told the audience.

A few tech blogs have gotten their hands on early samples. One of them, Tom’s Hardware, was impressed by the “incredible data throughput” among the Instinct MI300A’s CPU, GPU and memory dies.

The Tom’s Hardware reviewer added that will let the CPU and GPU work on the same data in memory simultaneously, saving power, boosting performance and simplifying programming.

Another blogger, Karl Freund, a former AMD engineer who now works as a market researcher, wrote in a recent Forbes blog post that the Instinct MI300 is a “monster device” (in a good way). He also congratulated AMD for “leading the entire industry in embracing chiplet-based architectures.”

Previous generation

The new AMD accelerator builds on a previous generation, the AMD Instinct MI200 Series. It’s now used in a variety of systems, including Supermicro’s A+ Server 4124GQ-TNMI. This completely assembled system supports the AMD Instinct MI250 OAM (OCP Acceleration Module) accelerator and AMD Infinity Fabric technology.

The AMD Instinct MI200 accelerators are designed with the company’s 2nd gen AMD CDNA Architecture, which encompasses the AMD Infinity Architecture and Infinity Fabric. Together, they offer an advanced platform for tightly connected GPU systems, empowering workloads to share data fast and efficiently.

The MI200 series offers P2P connectivity with up to 8 intelligent 3rd Gen AMD Infinity Fabric Links with up to 800 GB/sec. of peak total theoretical I/O bandwidth. That’s 2.4x the GPU P2P theoretical bandwidth of the previous generation.

Supercomputing power

The same kind of performance now available to commercial users of the AMD-Supermicro system is also being applied to scientific supercomputers.

The AMD Instinct MI25X accelerator is now used in the Frontier supercomputer built by the U.S. Dept. of Energy. That system’s peak performance is rated at 1.6 exaflops—or over a billion billion floating-point operations per second.

The AMD Instinct MI250X accelerator provides Frontier with flexible, high-performance compute engines, high-bandwidth memory, and scalable fabric and communications technologies.

Looking ahead, the AMD Instinct MI300A APU will be used in Frontier’s successor, known as El Capitan. Scheduled for installation late this year, this supercomputer is expected to deliver at least 2 exaflops of peak performance.

 

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Learn, Earn and Win with AMD Arena

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Learn, Earn and Win with AMD Arena

Channel partners can learn about AMD products and technologies at the AMD Arena site. It’s your site for AMD partner training courses, redeemable points and much more.

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Interested in learning more about AMD products while also earning points you can redeem for valuable merch? Then check out the AMD Arena site.

There, you can:

  • Stay current on the latest AMD products with training courses, sales tools, webinars and quizzes;
  • Earn points, unlock levels and secure your place in the leaderboard;
  • Redeem those points for valuable products, experiences and merchandise in the AMD Rewards store.

Registering for AMD Arena is quick, easy and free. Once you’re in, you’ll have an Arena Dashboard as your control center. It’s where you can control your profile, begin a mission, track your progress, and view your collection of badges.

Missions are made of learning objectives that take you through training courses, sales tools, webinars and quizzes. Complete a mission, and you can earn points, badges and chips; unlock levels; and climb the leaderboard.

The more missions you complete, the more rewards you’ll earn. These include points you can redeem for merchandise, experiences and more from the AMD Arena Rewards Store.

Courses galore

Training courses are at the heart of the AMD Arena site. Here are just 3 of the many training courses waiting for you now:

  • AMD EPYC Processor Tool: Leverage the AMD processor-selector and total cost of ownership (TCO) tools to match your customers’ needs with the right AMD EPYC processor.
  • AMD EPYC Processor – Myth Busters: Get help fighting the myths and misconceptions around these powerful CPUs. Then show your data-center customers the way AMD EPYC delivers performance, security and scalability.

Get started

There’s lots more training in AMD Arena, too. The site supports virtually all AMD products across all business segments. So you can learn about both products you already sell as well as new products you’d like to cross-sell in the future.

To learn more, you can take this short training course: Introducing AMD Arena. In just 10 minutes, this course covers how to register for an AMD Arena account, use the Dashboard, complete missions and earn rewards.

Ready to learn, earn and win with AMD Arena? Visit AMD Arena now

 

 

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Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

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Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

This is the last in a four-part series on blockchain’s many facets, including being the primary pillar of the emerging Web3.

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Part 1: First There Was Blockchain  |  Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain  |  Part 3: Web3 Emerging

No matter how much information an article offers, sometimes you just want a fast, detail-complete answer to your burning question. Here’s nine more answers. We hope the answers to these frequently asked questions — along with the other three parts of the series — address any nagging Web3 and Blockchain questions you may have.

 

QUESTION: Is Web3, a methodology, a set of principles, a change in the way we do business, a trend, an idea, a philosophy, a fad?

 

ANSWER: I think Web3 is both philosophical and technical. Philosophical because awareness concerns over data privacy are growing with a few large entities gaining control of the lion’s share of data; prompting the desire for more decentralization. Technical processing and data storage is moved to the edge and decentralized with Web3, and networking is in a peer-to-peer architecture. Hence the catchphrase the edge is the new cloud. I think Web3 is the new Internet, and it's very disruptive. —Eric Frazier, senior solutions manager, Supermicro

 

 

QUESTION: What are the key benefits of Web3?

 

ANSWER:

1. Decentralization (peer to peer network and anyone can be connected with anyone directly

2. Trustless (no intermediary/middleman)

3. Permissionless (anyone can participate without authorization from a governing body

—Jörg Roskowetz, director product management blockchain technology, AMD

 

 

QUESTION: How should the data center of an enterprise be equipped to handle blockchain?

 

ANSWER 1: A tier 3 data center with proper redundancy is highly recommended as well as consistent bandwidth at 10 Gig minimum with 100 Gig recommended. —Michael Fair, chief revenue officer and longtime channel expert, PiKNiK

 

ANSWER 2: Typically, workstations with complementary GPU coprocessors. —Frazier

 

 

 

QUESTION: What are the benefits of NFTs?

 

ANSWER: There are several, here are the three more significant benefits: 

1. NFTs preserve the information necessary to support collection of royalties, even after multiple resales, with the proper smart contracts in place.

 

2. NFT’s could lead to the development and growth of a completely new creator economy in which music, video, art, book creators would be in control of their content sales, merchandising, they might even get tokenized payments for fan interaction and avoid any need to transfer ownership to platforms that publicize their content. The long line of business “partners” with their hands out awaiting their cut could be a thing of the past.

 

3. Inclusive growth: As NFTs bring content creators together into a shared market, a democratization of valuation will most likely occur that will benefit all participants.

—Frazier and Scot Finnie, managing editor, Performance-Intensive Computing

 

 

QUESTION: Does Blockchain or Web3 improve security?

 

ANSWER  1: First, Web3 user-to-platform interactions are confidential and anonymous, both in principle and in practice. This lets individuals realize their self-sovereignty and be assured of the security of their private information. Plus, Web3’s decentralized structure offers inherent security benefits because it eliminates the single point of failure. Blockchains are also composed of several built-in security qualities, such as cryptography, public and private keys, software-mediated consensus, contracts and identity controls. Bitcoin has not been hacked since its inception because the Bitcoin blockchain is constantly reviewed by the entire network. —Frazier

 

ANSWER  2: Blockchain-based data storage can defeat some types of ransomware, where the data itself is not sensitive but it is unique and irreplaceable. If your data storage system inherently gives you around-the-world redundancy that can survive flood, tornado, fire and so on, that’s increased data security. —Fair and Finnie

 

 

QUESTION: What are the advantages of storing enterprise data in a blockchain cloud storage service?

 

ANSWER: The value proposition for using a service like PiKNiK Web3 Cloud Storage is based on the following differences from traditional cloud storage providers:

1. Significantly lower costs

2. Immutability.  The blockchain monitors the data stored and reports back regularly to the customer verifying that the data has not been altered in any way. This is a free service; it’s part of the blockchain protocol.

3. Extra copies can be made anywhere in the world upon customer request. — Fair

 

 

QUESTION: What enterprise applications and make good sense for organizations to implement with blockchain?

 

ANSWER: An InterPlanetary File System (IPFS) storage system, supply chain, logistics, IP protection, licensing --Frazier and Roskowetz

 

 

QUESTION: What is the InterPlanetary File System and why does it matter?

 

ANSWER: The InterPlanetary File System was created by Juan Benet and was initially released as an alpha build in early 2015 (Wikipedia). Benet also founded Protocol Labs and is a Web3 advocate. It is believed that Benet was inspired for various aspects of the code by GitHub, BitTorrent and an MIT Distributed Hash Table (DHT). The DHT assigns a 24-digit immutable hash to identify content by name instead of by location. IPFS may be thought of as a replacement for the location-based addressing scheme that has underpinned the Web for 30 years—the HTTP protocol, written by Tim Berners-Lee. One of the key aspects of IPFS is that works like BitTorrent to leverage downloads by peers to preserve bandwidth. IPFS is a key piece of Web3 architecture. —Finnie

 

 

QUESTION: What are “dapps” (decentralized apps)?

 

ANSWER: Rich MacManus, writing for the New Stack, concluded that the problem with Web3 is dapps. It stands for decentralized app. Apparently, backend coding for a dapp is very different from traditional app coding and focuses on communication with smart contracts. What’s a dapp? Dapps serve the same purpose as apps written for other platforms except that they’re designed to run in a blockchain environment. For a recent list of top 10 Dapps see Geekflare. —Finnie

 

 

Other Stories in this Series:

Part 1: First There Was Blockchain

Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain

Part 3: Web3 Emerging

Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

 

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Where Are Blockchain and Web3 Taking Us? — Part 3: Web3 Emerging

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Where Are Blockchain and Web3 Taking Us? — Part 3: Web3 Emerging

This is the third in a four-part series on blockchain’s many facets, including being the primary pillar of the emerging Web3.

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Part 1: First There Was Blockchain  |  Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain  |  Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

Perhaps the most surprising aspect about Web3 is the DAO, an acronym that stands for Decentralized Autonomous Organization. A DAO is an emerging alternative type of organization that operates without centralized management. Instead, power is shared by token holders who cast votes in a bottom-up approach, according to Investopedia. Activity in the DAO is recorded on the blockchain, where it is open to all. Smart contracts form actions that help govern organizational process and policy. From the outside, a DAO appears to function similarly to a corporation; from the inside it is very different. There’s no CEO, COO or President. Instead, DAOs are often managed by governing bodies, although many rules are pre-determined by smart contracts. For real-world examples of DAOs, see this Forbes article.

 

So, What is Web3, Anyway?

 

Web3 (also spelled Web 3.0) is a name for the next evolution of the web, following Web 1.0 and Web 2.0. It is expected to be built on open-source software, blockchain, NFTs (non-fungible tokens), smart contracts and other Blockchain-related technologies. Gavin Wood, founded Polkadot, co-founded Ethereum and was the originator of the Web3 Foundation. Wood coined the term Web3 in a 2014 blog post.

 

Web3 is not to be confused with another effort to remake the Web, also known as the Semantic Web and sometimes called Web 3.0.  The Semantic Web dates back to 1999, when Tim Berners-Lee coined the phrase, according to Wikipedia. The Semantic Web’s primary goal is to extend the standards set by the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) to make the meaning of internet data machine-readable.

 

In April 2022, speaking to CNBC International, Wood defined Web3 “as an alternative vision of the web, where the services we use are not hosted by a single service provider but instead are purely algorithmic. They are in some sense hosted by everybody” in peer-to-peer fashion. “The idea being that all participants contribute a small slice of the ultimate service. No one really has any advantage over anyone else, not in the same sense at least as when you go to Amazon, eBay or Facebook, for example, where the company providing the service has power over how” that service is rendered and how your data are handled. In summing up, Wood said: “Web3 is about reducing the trust needed to use the internet services we use every day.”

 

Still Early Days

 

Web3 is available in test-tube fashion today. A basic form of the tech stack can be cobbled together using the Ethereum blockchain, it’s challenging and still doesn’t create the seamless end-user experience that it is hoped will describe the eventual product set.

 

The Web3 Foundation and others are working on different aspects of Web3.  Visit the Web3 Foundation for a look at Wood’s Web3 Technology Stack diagram.

 

The diagram describes the end-user software as a “protocol-extensible user-interface cradle ("browser")” that “a user would use to interact directly with the blockchain without needing to know implementation details. Examples include Status, MetaMask or MyCrypto.”

 

Web3 leaders would do well to remember that it was the user interface in the form of the Mosaic web browser that exploded, making the advent world-wide web content a certain thing. Available in public beta since earlier that year, Mosaic 1.0 released for Windows in November 1993. Just a year earlier, in November 1992, there were only 26 websites in the world (Wikipedia).

 

Juan Benet, founder, ceo, engineer of Protocol Labs, and creator of Filecoin and IPFS, is another key Web3 visionary who is tracking the user experience. In 2018, he gave a speech at the Web3 Summit called What Exactly Is Web3? Among other things, he spoke about browsers and the Web3 user interface: “Web 3.0 browsers are very different. Some look like existing browsers and they browse the web that way. Some are a single webpage that that connects you to the blockchain and lets you [initiate] transactions. Some are [“Web3 wallets”]. And some are extensions to your existing browser that add capabilities. We don’t really know what the browser of Web3 ought to be. We don’t have good usability yet. It’s a major challenge.”

 

Fervor

 

Web3 is a call to action for a user movement — like the user movement to PCs; like the movement to the world-wide web. When very large numbers of users insist upon a specific change, change happens. You don’t have to be clairvoyant to see that end-user security and privacy in the US has been severely compromised by our own intelligence agencies, big tech companies and foreign countries. It’s a bubbling pot waiting to boil over. How long before users demand a change?

 

There’s a fervor you sense from some of the people behind Web3 that you may not immediately understand. Blockchain is an open source-based system. It’s based on a P2P approach, which eliminates intervention from other parties, such as large tech companies, each of which controls access to a huge block of users. They have an overlapping monopoly on the personally identifiable data of millions of people. Web3 seeks to use a new web technology stack, blockchain and user crypto wallets to give back the ownership of such data to its users. For many the prospect of using blockchain technology and Web3 principles to take back user privacy is empowering.

 

For a well-written and comprehensive primer of Web3, see Ethereum’s Introduction to Web3.

 

 

Other Stories in this Series:

Part 1: First There Was Blockchain

Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain

Part 3: Web3 Emerging

Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

 

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Where Are Blockchain and Web3 Taking Us? — Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain

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Where Are Blockchain and Web3 Taking Us? — Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain

This is the second in a four-part series on blockchain’s many facets, including being the primary pillar of the emerging Web3.

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Part 1: First There Was Blockchain  |  Part 3: Web3 Emerging  |  Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

To get a sound understanding of blockchain, you should be aware of some of the nagging issues and criticisms. For example, blockchain has no governance. It could really use the guidance of a small representative group of industry visionaries to help it chart a course, but that might lead to a more centralized orientation. You should also familiarize yourself with the related tools and technologies and what they do. NFTs, in particular, work hand in hand with blockchain and add protection for those who create.

 

Getting NFTs

 

It has been effectively open season on digital content on the internet from the get-go. DRM technology didn’t solve the problem. Will the non-fungible token (NFT) make inroads? Its long-term success or lack thereof will largely be dependent on the success of blockchain. Make no mistake, blockchain is here to stay. It’s too useful a tool to leave behind. But Web3’s premise — that blockchain-based servers might someday run the internet — is by no means certain. (Come back for Part 3 which explores Web3.)

 

What are NFTs? “NFTs facilitate non-fraudulent trade for digital asset producers and consumers or collectors,” said Eric Frazier, senior solutions manager, Supermicro.

 

An NFT is a digital asset authentication system located on a blockchain that gives the holder proof of ownership of digital creations. It does this via metadata that make each NFT unique. Plus, no two people can own the same NFT, which also can’t be changed or destroyed.

 

Applications include digital artwork, but an NFT (sometimes called a "nifty") can be used for a wide variety of uses in music, gaming, entertainment, popular culture items (such as sports merchandise), virtual real estate, prevention of counterfeit products, domain name provenance and others. Down the road, NFTs may have a significant effect on software licensing, intellectual property rights and copyright. Land registry, birth and death certificates, and many other types of records are also potential future beneficiaries of NFTs.

 

If you’re wondering whether NFTs can be traded for cryptocurrency, they can be. What they are not is interchangeable. You may have an NFT for a piece of art that was sold as multiple copies by its owner. But each of those NFTs has unique meta data, so they may not be exchanged one for the other.

 

Smart Contracts Execute

 

A smart contract is blockchain-based, self-executing contract containing code that runs automatically when predetermined conditions are met as set out in an agreement or transaction. So, a hypothetical example might be: on January 15, transfer X value of cryptocurrency in payment for a specific NFT owned by a specific person. Smart contracts are autonomous, trustless, traceable, transparent and irreversible. Key hallmarks of the Smart Contract are that they exclude intermediaries and third parties like lawyers and notaries. And they usually use simple language, require fewer steps and involve less paperwork.

 

Blockchain Power Consumption

 

Some blockchains gobble up electricity and are heavy users of compute and storage resources. But blockchains are not all created equally. Bitcoin is known to be resource in hungry, while “Filecoin’s needs are materially less,” said to Michael Fair, chief revenue officer and longtime channel expert, PiKNiK.

 

It’s also possible to make changes to some blockchains to make them less power hungry. For example, Ethereum switched from the Proof-of-Work (PoW) to the Proof-of-Stake (PoS) algorithm a few months ago, which reduced power consumption by over 99%. However, Ethereum is less decentralized as a result because it is now 80% hosted on AWS. (See the discussion on Understanding Decentralized in Part 1.)

 

“With the algorithm switch from PoW to PoS, Ethereum’s decentralization took a big hit because the majority of transactions and validations are running on Amazon’s cloud” said Jörg Roskowetz, director of blockchain technology, AMD. “From my point of view, hybrid systems like Lightning on the Bitcoin network will keep all the parameters improving — scalability, latency and power-consumption challenges. This will likely take years to be developed and improved.

 

Can Web3 Remain Decentralized?

 

Is the blockchain movement viable going forward? There are those who are skeptical: For example, Scott Nover writing in Quartz and Moxie Marlinspike. Both stories were published almost a year ago in January 2022, well before the change at Ethereum.

 

Nover writes: “Even if blockchains are decentralized, the Web3 services that interact with them are controlled by a very small number of privately held companies. In fact, the industry emerging to support the decentralized web is highly consolidated, potentially undermining the promise of Web3.”

 

These are real concerns. But it’s not like the expectation was that Web3 would exist in a world free of potentially undermining factors, including the consolidation of Web3 blockchain companies as well as some interaction with Web 2.0 companies. If Web3 succeeds, it will need to support a good user experience and be resilient enough to develop additional ways of shielding tself from centralizing influences. It’s not going to exist in a vacuum.

 

 

Other Stories in this Series:

Part 1: First There Was Blockchain

Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain

Part 3: Web3 Emerging

Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

 

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Where Are Blockchain and Web3 Taking Us? — Part 1: First There Was Blockchain

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Where Are Blockchain and Web3 Taking Us? — Part 1: First There Was Blockchain

This is the first story in a four-part series on blockchain’s many facets, including being the primary pillar of the emerging Web3. 

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 |  Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain  |  Part 3: Web3 Emerging  |  Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

There has been a lot of buzz about blockchain over the past five years, and yet seemingly not much movement. Long, long ago I concluded that the amount of truth to the reported value of a new technology was inversely proportional to the level of din its hype made. But as with so much else about blockchain, it defies conventional wisdom. Blockchain is a bigger deal than is generally realized.

 

Basic Blockchain Definition and Introduction

 

(Source: Wikipedia): Blockchain is a peer-to-peer (P2P) or publicly decentralized ledger (shared distributed database) that consists of blocks of data bound together with cryptography. Each block contains a cryptographic hash of the previous block, a time stamp and a transaction date. Because each block contains information from the previous block, they effectively form a chain – hence the name blockchain.

 

Blockchain transactions resist being altered once they are recorded because the data in any given block cannot be altered retroactively without altering all subsequent blocks that duplicate that data. As a P2P publicly distributed ledger, nodes collectively adhere to a consensus algorithm protocol to add and validate new transaction blocks.

 

“A blockchain is a system of recording information in a way that makes it difficult or impossible to change, cheat or hack the system,” said Eric Frazier, senior solutions manager, Supermicro. “It is a digital ledger that is duplicated and distributed to a network of multiple nodes on the blockchain.”

 

Michael Fair, PiKNiK’s chief revenue officer and longtime channel expert added, “In the blockchain, data is immutable. It’s actually sealed within the network, which is monitored by the blockchain 24 x 7 x 365 days a year.”

 

Blockchain was created in 2008 under the apparent pseudonym, Satoshi Nakamoto. Its original use was to provide a public distributed ledger for the bitcoin cryptocurrency also created by the same entity. But the true promise of blockchain goes way beyond cryptocurrency. The downside is that blockchain operations are computationally intensive and tend to use lots of power. This issue will be covered in more detail later in the series.

 

Understanding “Decentralized”

 

The term decentralized is probably the most important tenet of Web3 and it is at least partially delivered by blockchain. The word has a specific set of meanings, although it’s become something of a buzzword, which tends to blur its meaning.

 

Gavin Wood is an Ethereum Cofounder, Polkadot founder and the person who coined the term Web3 in 2014. Based on comments made by Wood in a January 2022 YouTube video by CNBC International, as well as other sources, decentralized means that no one company’s servers exclusively own a crucial part of the internet. There are two related meanings for decentralized that get confused sometimes:

 

1. In its most basic form, decentralized is about keeping data safe from monopolization by using blockchain and other technologies to make data and content independent. Data in a blockchain is copied to servers all over the world, which cannot change that information unilaterally. There’s no one place that this data exists and that protects it. Blockchain makes it immutable.

 

2. Decentralized also means what Wood called “political decentralization,” wherein “no one will have the power to turn off content,” the way top execs could (in theory) at companies like Google, Facebook, Amazon, Microsoft and Twitter. Decentralization could potentially kick these and other companies out of the “Your Data” business. A key phrase that relates to this meaning of the term is highly consolidated. How many companies have Google, Amazon, Microsoft, and Facebook purchased over the past couple of decades? Google purchased YouTube. Facebook bought Instagram. Microsoft nabbed LinkedIn. But that’s just the tip of the iceberg. Where once there were many companies, now there are a few, very large companies exerting control over the internet. That’s what highly consolidated refers to. It’s term that’s often used to describe the opposite of decentralized.

 

Blockchain Uses

 

Since 2019 or so, new ideas for blockchain applications have arrived fast and furiously. And while many are plausible theories, others have been actively produced. If your company’s sector of the marketplace happens to be one of the areas that blockchain has been identified with, chances are good that blockchain is at least on your company’s radar.

 

Many organizations are looking to blockchain to rejuvenate their product pipelines. The future of blockchain will very likely be determined by technocrats and developers who harness it to chase profits. In other words, thousands of enterprises are developing blockchain products and services to their own needs, and if they succeed, many others will likely follow.

 

Beyond supporting cryptocurrency, three early uses of blockchain have been:

  • Financial services
  • Government use of blockchain for voting
  • Helping to keep track of supply chains. There’s a synergy in the way they work that makes blockchain and supply chain ideal for one another.

Blockchain has quickly spread to several areas of financial services like tokenizing assets and fiat currencies, P2P lending backed by assets, decentralized finance (DeFi) and self-enforcing smart contracts to name a few.

 

Blockchain voting could help put a stop to the corruption surrounding elections. Countries like Sierra Leone and Russia were early to it. But several other countries have tried it – including the U.S.

 

In healthcare, a handful of companies are attempting to revolutionize e-records by developing them on blockchain-based decentralized ledgers instead of stored away in some company’s database. The medical community is looking at it to store DNA information.

 

Storage systems are an early and important blockchain application. Companies like PiKNiK offer decentralized blockchain storage on a BTB basis.

 

Other Stories in this Series:

Part 1: First There Was Blockchain

Part 2: Delving Deeper into Blockchain

Part 3: Web3 Emerging

Part 4: The Web3 and Blockchain FAQ

 

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AMD and Supermicro Sponsor Two Fastest Linpack Scores at SC22’s Student Cluster Competition

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AMD and Supermicro Sponsor Two Fastest Linpack Scores at SC22’s Student Cluster Competition

The Student Cluster Computing challenge made its 16th appearance at the SuperComputer 22 (SC22) event in Dallas. The two student teams that were running AMD EPYC™ CPUs and AMD Instinct™ GPUs were the two teams that aced the Linpack benchmark. That's the test used to determined the TOP500 supercomputers in the world.

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Last month, the annual Supercomputing Conference 2022 (SC22) was held in Dallas. The Student Cluster Competition (SCC), which began in 2007, was also performed again. The SCC offers an immersive high-performance computing (HPC) experience to undergraduate and high school students.

 

According to the SC22 website: Student teams design and build small clusters, learn scientific applications, apply optimization techniques for their chosen architectures and compete in a non-stop, 48-hour challenge at the SC conference to complete real-world scientific workloads, showing off their HPC knowledge for conference attendees and judges.

 

Each team has six students, at least one faculty advisor, a sutdent team leader, and is associated with vendor sponsors, which provide the equipment. AMD and Supermicro jointly sponsored both the Massachusetts Green Team from MIT, Boston University and Northeastern University and the 2MuchCache team from UC San Diego (UCSD) and the San Diego Supercomputer Center (SDSC). Running AMD EPYC™ CPUs and AMD Instinct™-based GPUs supplied by AMD and Supermicro, the two teams came in first and second in the SCC Linpack test.

 

The Linpack benchmarks measure a system's floating-point computing power, according to Wikipedia. The latest version of these benchmarks is used to determine the TOP500 list, ranks the world's most powerful supercomputers.

 

In addition to chasing high scores on benchmarks, the teams must operate their systems without exceeding a power limit. For 2022, the competition used a variable power limit: at times, the power available to each team for its competition hardware was as high as 4000-watts (but was usually lower) and at times it was as low as 1500-watts (but was usually higher).

 

The “2MuchCache” team offers a poster page with extensive detail about their competition hardware. They used two third-generation AMD EPYC™ 7773X CPUs with 64 cores, 128 threads and 768MB of stacked-die cache. Team 2MuchCache used one AS-4124GQ-TNMI system with four AMD Instinct™ MI250 GPUs with 53 simultaneous threads.

 

The “Green Team’s” poster page also boasts two instances of third-generation AMD 7003-series EPYC™ processors, AMD Instinct™ 1210 GPUs with AMD Infinity fabric. The Green Team utilized two Supermicro AS-4124GS-TNR GPU systems.

 

The Students of 2MuchCache:

Longtian Bao, role: Lead for Data Centric Python, Co-lead for HPCG

Stefanie Dao, role: Lead for PHASTA, Co-lead for HPL

Michael Granado, role: Lead for HPCG, Co-lead for PHASTA

Yuchen Jing, role: Lead for IO500, Co-lead for Data Centric Python

Davit Margarian, role: Lead for HPL, Co-lead for LAMMPS

Matthew Mikhailov Major, role: Team Lead, Lead for LAMMPS, Co-lead for IO500

 

The Students of Green Team:

Po Hao Chen, roles: Team leader, theory & HPC, benchmarks, reproducibility

Carlton Knox, roles: Computer Arch., Benchmarks, Hardware

Andrew Nguyen, roles: Compilers & OS, GPUs, LAMMPS, Hardware

Vance Raiti, roles: Mathematics, Computer Arch., PHASTA

Yida Wang, roles: ML & HPC, Reproducibility

Yiran Yin, roles: Mathematics, HPC, PHASTA

 

Congratulations to both teams!

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